S. Ghosal *, P. V. Sharma, R. K. Chaudhuri, S. K. Bhattacharya
Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-5, India
*Correspondence to S. Ghosal, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-5, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-5, India
setDOI("ADOI=10.1002/jps.2600620614")
*Correspondence to S. Ghosal, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-5, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-5, India
setDOI("ADOI=10.1002/jps.2600620614")
Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. (Gentianaceae) - isolation, identification of nine tetraoxygenated xanthones • Xanthones, tetraoxygenated - isolation, identification from Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. (Gentianaceae) • Medicinal plants - isolation, identification of tetraoxygenated xanthones from Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham
Nine tetraoxygenated xanthones [1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (I), 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxyxanthone (II), 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (III), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (IV), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone (V), 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-D-glucoside (mangiferin, VI), 1,3,8-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (VII), 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (VIII), and 1,3,7,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (IX)] were isolated from the roots and aerial parts of Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. (Gentianaceae) collected from Nepal and India. The identity of the xanthones was established by direct comparison with reference materials in most cases, preparation of derivatives, and spectral evidence (UV, IR, proton magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry). Among these xanthones, II was not encountered before in nature and VI was found for the first time in the genus swertia. The biogenetic significance of the co-occurrence of several tetraoxygenated xanthones, of varying oxygenation patterns, in absence of the standard 1,3,5- and 1,3,7-trioxygenated xanthones in S. chirata and in related species is appraised. In addition to the tetraoxygenated xanthones (I-IX), a number of heterosides, triterpenes, and monoterpene alkaloids were isolated from this plant. Preliminary pharmacological screening of the total xanthones of S. chirata indicated that the medicinal properties ascribed to the plant extracts were due to these constituents.
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